Authors

K. Weller, M. Dippold, Forschungsgesellschaft für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Thermodynamik mbH, Graz; S. Hausberger, L. Landl, M. Opetnik, Institute of Thermodynamics and Sustainable Propulsion Systems, Graz University of Technology

Year

2026

Print Info

Production/Publication ÖVK

Summary

HBEFA 5.1 shows a clear downward trend for passenger cars and heavy commercial vehicles real world emissions. HBEFA version 5.1 uses extensive measurement data as the basis for emission factor simulation and aging models, making it a reliable tool for estimating real emissions.
NOx emissions have fallen significantly compared to older models thanks to Euro 6/VI regulations and RDE tests, although aging effects and individual high-emission vehicles due to defects or manipulation continue to pose challenges. Further reductions are expected with Euro 7. Thanks to widespread particle filters, particle emissions from the exhaust in real-world driving are well below the limits for modern vehicles, with particles from brake, road, and tire abrasion and resuspension dominating accordingly. The contribution of N2O emissions to greenhouse gases is particularly relevant for heavy commercial vehicles The Euro 7 regulations are expected to significantly reduce exhaust and also non-exhaust emissions as well as impacts of tampering and of defects.
Overall, the trend in real-world emissions shows a clear improvement, and the remaining challenges are likely to be further reduced by Euro 7.

ISBN

978-3-9504969-5-6

DOI

https://doi.org/10.62626/1qq7-ywdy Copy link

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